Pregnancy is a beautiful journey filled with excitement and anticipation. However, it’s also important to be aware of potential health complications that can arise.
Recognising the signs and understanding the risks can empower expecting mothers to seek timely medical intervention, promoting a safer pregnancy experience, said Dr Pooja C Thukral, Consultant – Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, Cloudnine Group of Hospitals, Faridabad.
Here, Dr Thukral explained three common complications to be mindful of:
1. Gestational Diabetes
What it is: Diagnosed for the first time during pregnancy, gestational diabetes occurs due to hormonal changes affecting how the body processes sugar.
Risks: It can increase the risk of high blood pressure and lead to a larger baby, potentially necessitating a cesarean delivery. Additionally, babies born to mothers with gestational diabetes may have low blood sugar levels and a higher risk of developing obesity and type 2 diabetes later in life.
Symptoms: Often there are none, but some women may experience increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and nausea.
Management: Lifestyle changes like maintaining a healthy diet and regular exercise are key. In some cases, medication or insulin might be needed. Regular blood sugar monitoring is crucial.
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Here’s what to understand (Source: Getty Images/Thinkstock)
2. Preeclampsia
What it is: Characterised by high blood pressure and signs of damage to organs like the liver and kidneys, preeclampsia typically develops after 20 weeks of pregnancy and can also occur postpartum.
Risks: Left untreated, preeclampsia can have serious consequences for both mother and baby. For the mother, it can cause organ damage, cardiovascular issues, and a seizure condition called eclampsia. For the baby, it can result in premature birth, low birth weight, and placental abruption (placenta separating from the uterus).
Symptoms: Common signs include high blood pressure, protein in the urine, severe headaches, vision changes, upper abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting, sudden weight gain with swelling (edema), particularly in the face and hands.
Management: Close monitoring and medication to manage blood pressure are crucial. In severe cases, early delivery may be necessary. Regular prenatal checkups are essential for early detection and management.
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3. Placenta Previa
What it is: This condition occurs when the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix, the opening of the uterus, posing a risk during delivery.
Risks: Placenta previa can cause significant bleeding during pregnancy and delivery, which can be life-threatening. It also increases the likelihood of preterm birth and may necessitate a cesarean section.
Symptoms: The main symptom is painless, bright red vaginal bleeding during the second or third trimester. Some women may also experience contractions or cramping.
Management: Management depends on the severity and gestational age. In mild cases, bed rest and avoiding activities that could trigger bleeding may be recommended. For severe cases, hospitalization and early delivery via cesarean section may be necessary.
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Early detection and awareness of these pregnancy complications are vital for the health and safety of both mother and baby, Dr Thukral said.
