Cats are beloved companions to many. Who doesn’t love playing with them and their paws? But did you know you stand the risk of contracting this disease through a scratch from them?
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Cat Scratch Disease (CSD), a zoonotic infection caused by the bacterium Bartonella henselae, is often transmitted through scratches, bites, or contact with the saliva of an infected cat.
According to Dr PN Renjen, Senior Consultant, Neurology, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, this condition primarily manifests as swollen lymph nodes near the site of the scratch, fever, and fatigue. However, in rare cases, it can lead to serious neurological complications, including encephalopathy, which presents with symptoms such as confusion, seizures, severe headaches, and memory disturbances.
How CSD affects the brain
While most cases of CSD are mild and self-limiting, Dr Renjen emphasises that neurological involvement is uncommon but concerning. Encephalopathy, a potential complication, arises when the bacteria affect the brain, leading to altered mental states and other severe symptoms. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are critical to managing such outcomes effectively.
If unusual symptoms such as persistent fever, swollen lymph nodes, or neurological issues occur after a cat scratch or bite, immediate medical consultation is essential. (Source: Freepik)
Prevention: The key to safety
Preventive measures are especially crucial for individuals with weakened immune systems, as they are more susceptible to severe complications. Dr Renjen suggests the following:
- Avoid Rough Play with Cats: Especially with kittens, which are more likely to carry Bartonella henselae.
- Maintain Good Hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly after handling cats and promptly clean any scratches or bites with soap and water.
- Control Fleas on Pets: Fleas play a significant role in spreading the bacterium among cats.
When to seek medical attention
If unusual symptoms such as persistent fever, swollen lymph nodes, or neurological issues occur after a cat scratch or bite, immediate medical consultation is essential. Diagnosis often involves blood tests, and treatment typically includes antibiotics to prevent complications and ensure recovery.
As Dr Renjen notes, “Awareness and timely action are crucial in preventing and managing Cat Scratch Disease effectively, particularly in vulnerable populations.”
